The purpose of this module is to achieve an understanding of microscopy and the basic histological techniques that allow us to examine cell and tissue architecture of the major organs and systems and to appreciate how chemical and electrical signals control these organs and systems. It requires students to integrate the principles of physiology, anatomy with histological structures. The module will focus on the participation of the extracellular matrix, tissue, cell and sub-cellular organelle organisation and architecture to health as well as examining how dysregulation of these features contribute to autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.

This module will provide students with an overview of the anatomical features and structures that underlay cell, tissue, and whole system homeostasis. The syllabus will cover the anatomy, physiology and mechanisms of control of the neural and endocrine and biochemical processes that are responsible for cell and tissue homeostasis with a focus on the contribution of homeostatic imbalance to disease, autoimmune disease, inflammatory disorders and disorders associated with the biochemistry of metabolic syndromes. Using microscopy, tissue preparations, computer based laboratory simulations and virtual reality simulations we will examine how the breakdown of cellular and molecular mechanisms leads to the pathogenesis of inflammatory-driven disease and their homeostatic readout for use in diagnosis, design of intervention and in the monitoring of disease remission

At the end of this module, students will be able to; Demonstrate an understanding of basic terminology in cytology, histology and microscopy. Demonstrate an understanding of the hierarchy of cells /tissues /organs /organ systems /organism. Distinguish among the four basic cell (and tissue) types and their specialized functions. Identify cell types, cell organelles, tissue structure and features of tissue organisation on microscopy slides of mammalian tissue and organs and using tissue/cell images presented on digital slide banks (imagebanks). Describe the structure and functions of the cell and sub-cellular organelles. Demonstrate an understanding of and an appreciation of the transportation of fluids and electrical signals around a tissue. Demonstrate an understanding of the composition and function of the extracellular matrix. Explain and illustrate the histology of cartilage, bone, nerve, muscle, skin and the anatomical organisation of the body systems including the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, liver, endocrine and exocrine glands and the organs of the special senses Recognise and describe how functional control systems require efficient communication using a combination of chemical and electrical signals. Name and identify the structural and cellular features observed in autoimmune disorders and chronic inflammatory disease. Demonstrate an appreciation of how advancement in our understanding of autoimmune and inflammatory disease pathogenesis has led to new therapeutic strategies.

At the end of this module, students will be able to; Demonstrate a professional commitment to the group work aspects of the project. Demonstrate an effective working relationship with the technical staff and class. Develop an appreciation of effective critical thinking and communication skills.

At the end of this module, students will be able to; Develop an understanding of the basic skills in microscopy, cell and histology preparation and examination. Develop an understanding of the skills and knowledge in scientific calculations and methods using computer based laboratory activities.

The module will be taught by a combination of lectures, tutorials, laboratory simulation activities and directed reading. The module will incorporate a significant component of reading involving current primary literature in the area of tissue architecture, tissue engineering and novel approaches to treat tissue associated disorders providing the students with state-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment practices as part of the learning experience. The module will be assessed by means of knowledge based MCQs and short answers, continuous assessment practical sessions (MCQ questions and calculations) and presentations (oral presentations, poster presentations and concise literature reviews.